绍兴市小学生膳食及营养健康状况.docVIP

绍兴市小学生膳食及营养健康状况【摘要】 目的 了解绍兴市小学生的膳食结构及营养状况，为调整学生膳食结构、改善学生营养状况提供科学依据。方法 通过膳食调查、体格检查和血红蛋白测定，评价绍兴市3所小学学生的营养素摄入情况和一般营养状况。结果 平均每人每日能量、蛋白质、核黄素、尼克酸、维生素E、铁、铜、磷、硒、碘摄入量基本达到RNI，但膳食纤维、维生素A、维生素C及钙摄入量不足，碳水化合物偏低，脂肪摄入量偏高。学生营养不良率为15.29%，肥胖率为11.61%，贫血率为4.48%。结论 绍兴市小学生膳食结构不尽合理，动物性食物摄入过高，粮谷类、果蔬类及乳类食品摄入过低，存在肥胖和营养不良同时高发的“双峰”现象。 【关键词】 膳食调查；营养不良；肥胖症；贫血；学生 【中图分类号】 R 179 R 153.2 R 155.1 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1000－9817(2007)05－0400－02 Dietary and Nutritional Status of Pupils in Shaoxing/ ZHANG Zhi fen?*,HUA Jin?zhong, ZHOU Jin.?* Medical College of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing(312000), Zhejiang Province, China 【Abstract】 Objective To study dietary construction and to evaluate nutritional status of pupils in Shaoxing, and to provide base data for adjustment of dietary pattern and improvement of nutritional status. Methods Daily intake of nutrients and ordinary nutritional status of pupils in three primary schools were evaluated by diet survey and physical examination. Results The daily intake of energy, protein, vitamin C, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin E, iron, copper, phosphorus, selenium and iodine met the standard of RNI, but dietary fibre, vitamin A, vitamin C and calcium were not enough compared to the RNIs. The dietary contented superfluous fat, but the carbohydrate did not reach the standard. The prevalence of malnutrition and obesity were 15.29% and ?11.61%. The prevalence of anemia was 4.48%. Conclusion The pupils have an unreasonable dietary pattern, the intake of animal food is superfluous, but the intake of cereals, fruits, vegetables and milk are inadequate. In these pupils, the proportion of malnutrition and obesity are both high. 【Key words】 Diet surveys;Malnutrition;Obesity;Anemia;Students 为了解绍兴市小学生的膳食及营养健康现状，以便指导学生合理膳食，改善学生营养状况，笔者于2004年9-12月对绍兴市3所小学部分小学生的膳食情况及营养状况进行了调查，现报道如下。 1 对象与方法 1.1 对象 随机抽取绍兴市3所小学三年级学生663名（男生342名，女生321名）、五年级学生586名（男生301名，女生285名）进行体格检查，对三年级学生256名（男生147名，女生109名）和五年级学生213名（男生126名，女生87名）进行血红蛋白测定，抽取其中的375名（三年级161名，五年级214名）进行膳食调查。学生年龄为9～11岁。