快速城化过程中农民工第二代的梦想与挑战.PPT

快速城市化过程中农民工第二代的梦想与挑战  韩嘉玲 北京社会科学院社会学所 流动人口教育与行动研究中心 背景 持续而大规模的城乡流动大军中出现了新群体 新生代农民工 第二代农民工 后农民工 后农民工 农民工第二代 研究方法 行动研究 焦点小组 深入访谈 追踪  第二代农民工的特点 出生和成长经验与城市不可分离, 社会化过程是在城市完成 缺乏农村的生活经验，更熟悉城市运作的法则 不满足于仅能糊口的工作，要求“体面”的工作 与父母辈截然不同的就业观和生活观 农民工第二代面临的挑战 在城市中的就学问题 就业问题 社会排斥 农民工第二代在城市中的就学问题 国家退出公共教育，流动儿童义务教育推向市场化 农民工家庭子女教育负担重：贫困的农民工家庭承受着高投入、低回报的教育 高考制度的限制影响农民工二代的受教育权利及社会流动 教育期望高与失落感交织 农民工第二代的就业 教育与技能缺失与就业愿望的矛盾 身份限制影响他们的就业机会及获得平等的工作权益 缺乏就业服务与继续受教育的机会 社会融合障碍重重 制度性的歧视阻碍了农民工二代的社会融入 与城市居民交往有限，缺乏参与社区活动的机会，难以融入当地社会 城市户籍人口与城市管理制度的双重排斥，缺乏对新移民的包容性 结论 第二代：廉价劳动力还是城市居民？ 教育成为一个促进社会流动或者形成社会阶层的重要渠道？ 代际流动？ * * There are different features of second generation with their parents They were born and grew up in cities where they attained their socialization They have little rural life experience and are more familiar with urban operational rules They Discontented with subsistence jobs, asking for decent jobs They have totally different expectations from employment and life compared with their parents the second generation rural migrants will play an important role in labor market in the coming decade The rural migrant workers flooding to cities during the 1980s and 1990s will withdraw from the labor market in ten years, and their children, the second generation rural migrants, will play an important role. We must choose between continuing using them as cheap labors or addressing the issue of their employment at the strategic level of creating the dignified and independent laborer and making the new citizen. Education and skill constitute important channels for social mobility. Opportunities for the second generation rural migrants to rid of vulnerability and marginalization their parents have brought them and realize intergenerational mobility through education present as important premises for a harmonious society. Institutional reform has caused great changes to China’s social stratification structure and social mobility between the late 1970s