论我国乡镇建制规模_职能定位及机构设置.docVIP

论我国乡镇建制规模_职能定位及机构设置 总21卷　第6期兰州商学院学报Vol·21　No·6 2005年12月Journal ofLanzhou CommercialCollege December·2005 论我国乡镇的建制规模、 职能定位和机构设置* ●　张新光 (信阳师范学院图书馆,河南信阳　464000) [摘　要]“乡镇”作为国家依法设置的一种地方行政建制,已成为当今世界许多国家管理农村行政事务和为农 民提供公共产品服务的通行做法。但在中国,自秦朝至清末的两千多年,“皇权止于县政”,乡里制度集中地反映了 宗法性和行政性的高度整合。历史上许多朝代的乡镇建制规模、组织原则、层级划分、职能定位、机构设置等等远 不像县政权那样整齐划一,表现为地域性、宗法性、自治性、间断性、跳跃性等等特征。进入20世纪的100年,“乡 镇”虽然成为我国县以下的地方行政建制,但是一直存在着政党政治和政府政治互相交叉,国家政权和农民自治互 相渗透,乡镇行政体制和财政体制互相脱节的严重问题。因此,我们应站在政府体制创新和经济市场化进程相适 应的高度去认识和把握乡镇改革的基本方向,紧紧围绕构建社会主义和谐社会的发展目标,坚持“以人为本”的价 值取向,科学地、审慎地对待“撤并乡镇”的问题,决不能再搞“一刀切”。 [关键词]乡镇改革;建制规模;职能定位;机构设置;行政成本;公共产品 [中图分类号]D630·1　　　　[文献标识码]A　　　　[文章编号]1004-5465(2005)06-019-05 On the Scale ofTownship Organizational System, Its Function and StructuralEstablishment ZHANGXin-guang (Library ofXinyangTeachers College, Xinyang 464000, China) [Abstract]The township, a local administrative organizational system established by the state in accord- ancewith the law, has become common inmany countries as a basic division thatmanages rurual admin- istrative affairs and provides public products and services for farmers. But in China, in the more than 2000 years from theQinDynasty down to the end of theQingDynasty,“royalpower reached down to the county level”, and the township system reflected a high unity ofa patriarchal clan system and administra- tion. Inmany dynasties in history, the scale of the township organizationalsystem, itsorganizationalprin- ciples, hierarchical divisions, definition of functions and structural establishementwere far from being clear-cut aswas in the county governmen,t characterized by being regiona,l patriarcha,l autonomous, discontinuous and leaping. In the 100 years of the 20th century, although the township became the local administritive organizational system under the county governmen,t itwas always the case that political party politics and government politics overlapped, state power and farmer autonomy immersed, and the township s administrative system was out of line with the fina