医疗应用的辐射安全和防护.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * Lecture notes:The requirements of long half life and high specific activity are working against each other. Instructions for the lecturer/trainer * The lecturer can cross reference brachytherapy to the modern external beam attempts of conformal RT and even intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Both of these techniques (conforming the high dose region to the target volume and optimizing the dose distribution in target and normal tissues) have been implemented in brachytherapy well before they were technologically possible in EBT. This has been possible as the brachytherapy oncologist is literally in touch with the tumour region and more recently has acquired the potential for optimization due to stepping source high dose rate brachytherapy. * * * * * * * The blackening of the image is governed by the mAs value. The higher the mAs product, the blacker the image and the poorer the visual contrast. * * * The use of a DAP, particularly for fluoroscopic equipment, can be an invaluable aid in the training of medical specialists * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The radiological accident in Goiania, Brazil is well documented. The IAEA published an extensive report on this accident: INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, The Radiological Accident in Goiania, IAEA Report, IAEA, Vienna (1988). Basic information, data and photos in this module are taken from this report. This photo shows the extent of the remedial work that had to be undertaken, in this case the demolition of a contaminated house. It illustrates the severity of the event. * The former premises of a private radiography institute were partly demolished. Photo: The derelict radiotherapy clinic in Goiania from which the caesium source was taken. * Photo Monitoring people for contamination at the Olympic stadium. * Photo A hole is made to remove a radiation hot spot giving dose rate of 0.5 Sv/h. * Photo Removing contaminated items from junkyard. * Photo Waste containers at the tempor