生态补偿权衡关系研究进展-生态学报.pdf

第 35 卷第 20 期 生 态 学 报 Vol.35,No.20 2015年10月 ACTA ECOLOGICA SINICA Oct.,2015 DOI:10.5846/ stxb201402240316 徐建英,刘新新,冯琳,桓玉婷.生态补偿权衡关系研究进展.生态学报,2015,35(20):6901鄄6907. XuJY,LiuXX,FengL,HuanYT.Research advancesinunderstandingthetrade鄄offsinvolvedinpaymentforecosystemservices.ActaEcologicaSinica, 2015,35(20):6901鄄6907. 生态补偿权衡关系研究进展 1,* 1 2 1 徐建英 ,刘新新 ,冯摇 琳 ,桓玉婷 1首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京摇 100048 2 中国人民大学环境学院,北京摇 100872 摘要:生态补偿是以市场机制解决环境外部性问题的方法,其典型特征是通过经济激励而实现生态系统保护和减贫的双赢,因 此在世界范围内得到了广泛实施。 权衡关系是生态补偿理论和实践中面临的问题和困境之一。 生态补偿存在4种权衡关系: 生态系统服务之间的权衡、监测成本与交易成本之间的权衡、公平与效率之间的权衡以及生态系统服务供应与减贫之间的权 衡。 分析了权衡关系的产生源于生态系统服务产生过程的不确定性、自然和社会经济系统的耦合性以及生态补偿实施背景的 异质性,并提出应该在理论基础、实践模式和评估系统3个方面加强权衡关系的研究。 关键词:生态补偿;权衡;生态系统服务;公平与效率;减贫 Research advances in understanding the trade鄄offs involved in payment for ecosystem services 1,* 1 2 1 XUJianying ,LIU Xinxin ,FENG Lin ,HUAN Yuting 1College of Resource,Environmental and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China 2 School of Environmental and NaturalResources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China Abstract:The idea of payment for ecosystem or environmental services (PES) stems from societal awareness of the importance of these services for human well鄄being. The PES philosophy argues for the internalization of environmental externalitiesthrough the creation of ecosystem service markets,in which these services are commoditized and tradable and flow between sellers and providers. PES is lauded for its potential to both reverse ecosystem degradation and alleviate poverty. Despite this potential,PES faces dilemmas in both theory and practice;trade鄄off is a typical one. This paper analyzed four trade鄄offs confronted by PES programs. The first trade鄄off arises from the