多元微积分-CH9补充Taylor polynomial in several variables..pdfVIP

Taylor’s Theorem 1. Introduction. Suppose f is a one-variable function that has n + 1 derivatives on an interval about the point x = a. Then recall from Ms. Turner’s class the single variable version of Taylor’s Theorem tells us that there is exactly one polynomial p of degree n such that p ›afi = f ›afi, p v ›afi = f v ›afi, p vv ›afi = f vv ›afi, u,p ›nfi ›afi = f ›nfi ›afi. This polynomial is given by v f vv ›afi 2 f ›nfi n p ›xfi = f ›afi +f ›afi›x ? afi + ›x ? afi + u+ ›x ? afi 2 ! n ! We also know the difference betweenf ›xfi and p ›xfi: f ›n+1fi ›Yfi n+1 f ›xfi ?p ›xfi = ›x ? afi , ›n + 1fi! where Y is somewhere between a and x . The polynomial p is called the Taylor Polynomial of degree n forf at a. Before we worry about what the Taylor polynomial might be in higher dimensions, we need to be sure we understand what is a polynomial in more than one dimension. In two dimensions, a polynomial p ›x,y fi of degree n is a function of the form i+j =n p ›x,y fi = i j a x y . ij i,j =0 Thus a polynomial of degree 2 (perhaps more commonly known as a quadratic) looks like p