经验研究中的非线性表述问题.docVIP

經驗研究中非線性表述問題 李威霆 國立聯合大學資訊與社會研究所助理教授人類的思維方式具有線性特色，即使是非理性的思考也只可能以線性方式呈現。「非線性」（non-linear）的內容不只是難以表述，而是根本難於理解。社會現象的本質最終是非線性的，那麼該如何以線性方式呈現？這不只是一個社會學理論或方法論的問題，而是社會學世界觀的基本。非線性理論對社會科學的衝擊不容小覷，因為社會現象遠比物理現象更為複雜，但社會學家卻從未在方法論上提出過比物理學更令人信服的回答。本文討論的重點，並非「非線性」對象是否可能被研究（因為它已經是、並且一直是構成社會學經驗研究中的重要部分）；相對於此，本文欲探討的乃是在經驗研究中，非線性對象的線性表述問題。簡言之，即某種敘事法則或表述法（récit）。此處所謂「敘事」，本身既是關於問題的呈現書寫，同時也決定問題被掌握解決的可能性。本文試圖由「表述法」這個特殊角度切入，反省經驗研究中的若干本問題。 關鍵字：非線性、表述法（récit） LEE, Waiting Assistant Professor, Information and Society Institute, National United University Abstract 　　The empirical research is by ordinary based on direct or indirect observation. Theres no shortage of methodological debate on observation technique in present sociological academia, but the argumentation is rarely focused to the narrative problems. The narrative form (récit) of a sociological research represents a mode of linear relation rather than a technique problem. The nonlinear content is not just difficult to be expressed , but hard to be understood. The very problem is to reply: if, in a final sense, a great amount of social phenomenon is nonlinear in itself, how can we put it in a linear way? Its not merely a theoretical or methodological problem, but a essential problem related to sociological worldview. The impact of nonlinear theory on social sciences should not be underestimated, since the social phenomenons are more complicated than physical phenomenon, while the sociologists have never made more convincing answers than the physicians can do. Instead of arguing the detectability of the nonlinear objects (its already been, and will be, an important part of sociological research), this study will focus on the narrative problems of nonlinear phenomenon in empirical research, i.e., the expressive forms or récit. The narrative problem is not just related to the representative form of an empirical object or theoretical construction, it decides at the same time the possibility of mode of comprehension and the formation of socio