wcdma基本原理及无线功能 rev1.ppt

* 先看看软切换的工作机制 CDMA systems must use soft or softer handover to reduce interference caused by near-far problems resulting from mobiles penetrating the coverage area of adjacent cells without being power controlled while in that cell. The diagram above shows what the effect of using hard as opposed to soft or softer handover in a CDMA system would be. As the mobile moves away from BS 1 towards BS 2 there will come a time before the hard handover is performed, that the signal received at BS 2 exceeds its received power target and will start to cause excessive interference to other mobiles in that sector. Since the mobile is not connected to BS 2 it has no way of reducing this power. This excessive interference at BS 2 and could result in wiping out connections on BS 2. Once the connection undergoes a hard handover to BS 2, power control messages from BS 2 can be used to reduce the power to the power target and reduce the interference, however this period of interference would be unacceptable. Soft and softer handovers allow the mobile to be taken into power control before the received signal exceeds the target and eliminate this excessive interference. Results from the existing American CDMA system (IS-95) have shown that each call uses an average of 1.9 resources for each connection. This high value indicates that without soft or softer handover this near-far problem would be very common. * If we look at this from the perspective of power control we can see how the connection is controlled by both base stations during soft handover, thus eliminating the near-far interference problem. While connected only to BS1 the mobile acts only on power control commands from that base station which maintains the receive power target for that cell. As the mobile moves closer to BS2 there will come a point when the threshold ‘t_add’ is exceeded and BS2 is added to the active list. From this point on the call is said to be in soft handover. It should be noted that from this