岩羊和矮岩羊头骨形态特征比较-兽类学报.PDF

兽类学报,2007,27 (4):376 - 379 Acta Theriologica Sinica 岩羊和矮岩羊头骨形态特征比较  刘延德 周材权 黄成思 胡锦矗 (西华师范大学生命学学院珍稀动植物研究所,四川省环境科学与生物多样性保护重点实验室, 南充 637002 ) 摘要:本文报道了岩羊和矮岩羊的头骨形态学资料,涉及头骨特征描述和一些形态学指标测定,被测定的指标 主要有上颊齿列基长、眼窝长、乳突间距、 眶间距、颧宽、枕颅高、枕髁宽、脑颅最大宽、眶下孔距、上颌臼 齿外宽、角基最窄、最小角尖距、角尖距、最大角间距、角基周长、角基长径、角基短径、角外侧长,应用判 别分析和单变量分析对岩羊和矮岩羊头骨的测量值进行统计与分析,以探讨这两个种头骨之间的形态差异。结 果表明:(1)岩羊和矮岩羊头骨在形态上十分相似,但矮岩羊的头骨细长,脑颅狭窄,角直且朝上翘,角内侧 具一明显角棱,亦较直,角基部狭窄,老年个体角基部愈合;岩羊的脑颅宽大,角粗大而长, 向两侧分开,弯 曲度较大, 内侧角棱弯曲呈长S 型,角尖朝向后方,角基部较宽,不愈合在一起。 (2 )岩羊和矮岩羊头骨的 18 项形态测量指标中乳突间距、眶间距、颧宽、脑颅最大宽、上颌臼齿外宽、角基周长、角基长径差异极显著 (P 0 01 ),枕颅高、枕髁宽、眶下孔距、角尖距、最大角间距、角基短径、角外侧长差异显著 (P 0 05 );典 型判别的正确率:岩羊为 100 % ,矮岩羊为83 3 % ,交互验证法检验的结果,判别正确率:岩羊 100% ,矮岩 羊为 83 3% 。这两个判别函数可以从角上区别岩羊和矮岩羊。 关键词:矮岩羊;岩羊;头骨;形态特征 中图分类号:Q959 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000 - 1050 (2007 )04 - 0376 - 04 Comparison of morphological characters of skull between the blue sheep and the dwarf blue sheep  LIU Yande,ZHOU Caiquan ,HUANG Chengsi,HU Jinchu (Institute of Rare Animals and Plants,College of Life Sciences,China West Normal University, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environ- mental Science and Biodiversity Conservation, Nanchong 637002,China) Abstract :The data on skull morphology of the blue sheep and the dwarf blue sheep were reported in this paper. The data involved the measurement and comparison of skull variables between two species. Measured characters include the follow- ing :length of the cheek tooth row,greatest inner length of the orbit,greatest mastoid breadth,least breadth between the orbits,zygomatic breadth,least height of the occipital region ,greatest breadth of the occipital condyles,greatest neurocra- nium breadth,foramen infraorbital breadth (least distance ),greates