antenna design for directivity-enhanced raman spectroscopy天线设计directivity-enhanced拉曼光谱.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Optics Volume 2012, Article ID 729138, 8 pages doi:10.1155/2012/729138 Research Article Antenna Design for Directivity-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Aftab Ahmed, Yuanjie Pang, Ghazal Hajisalem, and Reuven Gordon Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3P6 Correspondence should be addressed to Reuven Gordon, rgordon@uvic.ca Received 1 October 2011; Revised 22 December 2011; Accepted 4 January 2012 Academic Editor: Nicolas Bonod Copyright © 2012 Aftab Ahmed et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Antenna performance can be described by two fundamental parameters: directivity and radiation efficiency. Here, we demonstrate nanoantenna designs in terms of improved directivity. Performance of the antennas is demonstrated in Raman scattering experiments. The radiated beam is directed out of the plane by using a ground plane reflector for easy integration with commercial microscopes. Parasitic elements and parabolic and waveguide nanoantennas with a ground plane are explored. The nanoantennas were fabricated by a series of electron beam evaporation steps and focused ion beam milling. As we have shown previously, the circular waveguide nanoantenna boosts the measured Raman signal by 5.5x with respect to a dipole antenna over a ground plane; here, we present the design process that led to the development of that circular waveguide nanoantenna. This work also shows that the parabolic nanoantenna produces a further fourfold improvement in the measured Raman signal with respect to a circular