重大版必修4-Unit4-Grammar.ppt

Unit 4 Grammar 本节课重点提要 1. 不定式的句法功能 2.不定式的主动表被动 3.巩固练习 Studying the rule Pay attention to the different part of speech of to fly in each sentence on P49-50. 一 动词不定式 动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等,但不能作谓语。 1．作主语 A 动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如： To see is to believe. To master English gives us much help in the study of sience. B 不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，构成“It is + 形容词(+for sb.)不定式”结构。 It is impossible for him to give up smoking. 2. 作宾语 A．动词后直接不定式作宾语的动词有许多，如want, decide, intend, fail, wish, export, pretend, choose等等。 I mean to go there at once. B.不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式宾语。句型为“主语+find (feel, think, believe, consider, etc) +it+形容词/名词+to do sth”。 I think it necessary to report the thing to the teacher. I find it interesting to work with him. C．动词不定式还可以用作介词宾语，但仅限于介词except和but（除了……）。 常用句型有： There is nothing to do but + 动词原形 do nothing but + 动词（除做….之外别无选择） can but + 动词原形 （只能……) have no choice but to do 只得 cannot help / choose but+动词原形(不能不……） 3．作表语 动词不定式作表语，一是主语由不定式充当；二是主语由抽象名词充当。 To teach is to learn. My job is to help the patient. 【注意】如果在主语中（通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中）有实意动词do时，作表语的动词不定式省略to。 All I want to do now (What I want to do now) is fill my stomach.. 4.宾语补足语 【注意】在感官动词（see, hear, feel, listen to , notice, watch, observe等）和使役动词（let, have， make ）后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但这类句子变成被动语态时，必须带to。 I saw him play in the park. →He was seen to play in the park. The boss made those men work day and night. →Those men were made to work day and night. 5．定语 1)不定式与被修饰的名词往往构成逻辑上的关系。如名词为不定式的逻辑主语，构成主谓关系； 若名词为逻辑宾语，则构成动宾关系； He is not a man to tell lies. There will not be enough space to stand in on the earth. 2)作定语的不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系， 不定式动词又是不及物动词时，应在该动词上加上一个介词。如： He has a nice pen to write with. He is looking for a room to live in.. He said the best way to travel by is on foot. 6.作状语 不定式作状语时，可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。 如: I’m very glad to hear the news. （原因) (1)不定式作目的状语时，常可与to, to order to, so as to 连用。 He got up early so as not to be late.