情态动词及其被动语态.docVIP

???????　中考复习八 情态动词及其被动语态 （一）情态动词概说 ? 1．情态动词也是“辅助性”动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态。情态动词所表示的情态有：请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。? 2．情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。如：?她会唱英文歌曲。?? She cans sing an English song.（F）?? She can sings an English song.（F）?? She can sing an English song.（T） 3．有些情态动词的过去时与其原形相同，有些与原形不同。????? (1) 与原形相同的有：?????? must --- must ought to --- ought to????? (2) 与原形不同的有：????? can --- could will --- would????? may --- might shall --- should????? need --- needed dare --- dared have to --- had to?4．大多数的情态动词后面可以用动词不定式（多不带to）的进行时、完成时或被动形式，如：may, can, must等。 （二）情态动词的种类：（见下表） 形 过去式 词 义 can could 能 may might 可以（或许） must must(had to) 必须（不得不） will would 愿意 shall should 应该 need needed 需要 dare dared 敢于 （三）情态动词的否定形式：cannot --- can’t???????? could not --- couldn’t?? may not--- mayn’t?might not--- mightn’t???? must not --- mustn’t???? will not --- won’t?would not --- wouldn’t??? need not --- needn’t???? shall not --- shan’t?should not --- shouldn’t? ought not --- oughtn’t?? dare not --- daren’t （四）常用情态动词的用法：1．can与could1）． can（1）表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”，也能表示根据客观条件能做某事的“能力”。???? He can drive.????? Can you jump as far as he did?????? I can’t catch up with Jim.???? can与be able to二者都表示“能够”，区别是：can只有现在时和过去式，而be able to可用于各种时态。如：???? I’ll be able to speak French in half a year.????? He hasn’t been able to finish it on time.?（2）表示允许：???? You can go now.????? Can I use your bike??（3）表示推测：???? Who can it be?????? It can’t be true.???? can表示猜测或怀疑只用于疑问句及否定句中。??2）． could（1）can的过去式，表示过去有能力及过去的可能性。???? He couldn’t climb up the mountain.????? The news could be true.?（2）表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见。???? Could you go skating with me tomorrow?????? I’m afraid I couldn’t give you an answer tonight.（3）表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度???? How could he say that?????? He couldn’t be in Beijing. 2．may与might1）． may（1）表示请求、许可、可以??? —May I use your dictionary????? —Yes, please/certainly.???? May I come in??（2）表示推测说话人的猜测，认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。?? It may rain this afternoon.??? I