research needed to support clinical use of biomarkers as prognostic indicators for patients with heart failure研究需要支持临床使用生物标志物作为心力衰竭患者的预后指标.pdf

SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research Cardiology Research and Practice Volume 2010, Article ID 453851, 6 pages doi:10.4061/2010/453851 Review Article Research Needed to Support Clinical Use of Biomarkers as Prognostic Indicators for Patients with Heart Failure Thomas S. Rector1, 2 and Inder S. Anand2, 3 1 Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, VA Medical Center, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA 2 Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA 3 Department of Cardiology, VA Medical Center, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Thomas S. Rector, thomas.rector@ Received 19 March 2010; Accepted 28 April 2010 Academic Editor: Hector Ventura Copyright © 2010 T. S. Rector and I. S. Anand. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Despite extensive research and numerous publications biomarkers have yet to fulfill their promise as prognostic indicators that can be widely used in the care of patients with heart failure. Specific clinical applications need to be identified for informative analyses of data that emphasize the most directly applicable measures of predictive performance. 1. Introduction 2. What Is the Use of Prognostic Markers for Care of Patients with Heart Failure? A number of secondary analyses of data gathered during clinical trials and observational cohort studies have identified A prognostic indicator (predictor) can be any variable several biomarkers that h