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SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research Journal of Nucleic Acids Volume 2010, Article ID 386798, 7 pages doi:10.4061/2010/386798 Research Article Smoking, DNA Adducts and Number of Risk DNA Repair Alleles in Lung Cancer Cases, in Subjects with Benign Lung Diseases and in Controls Marco Peluso,1 Armelle Munnia,1 Sara Piro,1 Alessandra Armillis,1 Marcello Ceppi,2 Giuseppe Matullo,3, 4 and Riccardo Puntoni2 1 Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Analytical and Biomolecular Cytology Unit, ISPO—Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Via Cosimo il Vecchio N.2, 50139 Florence, Italy 2 Molecular Epidemiology Unit, National Cancer Research Institute, 16132 Genoa, Italy 3 Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy 4 Section of Epidemiology, ISI Foundation—Institute for Scientific Interchange, Villa Gualino, 10133 Turin, Italy Correspondence should be addressed to Marco Peluso, m.peluso@ispo.toscana.it Received 14 May 2010; Revised 8 July 2010; Accepted 28 July 2010 Academic Editor: Shigenori Iwai Copyright © 2010 Marco Peluso et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Smoke constituents can induce DNA adducts that cause mutations and lead to lung cancer. We have analyzed DNA adducts and polymorphisms in two DNA repair genes, for example, XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln genes and XRCC3 Thr241Met gene, in 34 lung cancer cases in respect to 30 subjects with benign lung cancer disease and 40 healthy controls. When the study population was categorized in base to the number of risk alleles, adducts were significantly increased in individuals bearin