s-nitrosoglutathione administration ameliorates cauda equina compression injury in ratss-nitrosoglutathione政府改善马尾压缩损伤的老鼠.pdf

Neuroscience Medicine, 2012, 3, 294-305 /10.4236/nm.2012.33034 Published Online September 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/nm) S-Nitrosoglutathione Administration Ameliorates Cauda Equina Compression Injury in Rats 1 1 2 2 Anandakumar Shunmugavel , Mushfiquddin Khan , Marcus M. Martin , Anne G. Copay , Brian R. Subach2 2 1* , Thomas C. Schuler , Inderjit Singh 1Department of Pediatrics Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA; 2The Spinal Research Foundation, The Virginia Spine Institute, Reston, USA. * Email: singhi@ Received May 4th, 2012; revised June 19th, 2012; accepted June 11th, 2012 ABSTRACT Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) causes ischemia, inflammation, demyelination and results in cauda equina (CE) syndrome, with pain and locomotor functional deficits. We investigated whether exogenous administration of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an endogenous redox modulating anti-neuroinflammatory agent, hastens functional recovery in a CE com- pression (CEC) rat model. CEC was induced in adult female rats by the surgical implantation of two silicone blocks within the epidural spaces of L4-L6 vertebrae. GSNO (50 μg/kg body weight) was administered by gavage 1 h after the injury, and the treatment was continued daily thereafter. GSNO induced change in the pain threshold was evaluated for four days after the compression. Tissue analyses and locomotor function evaluation were carried out at two weeks and four weeks after the CEC respectively. GSNO significantly improved motor function in CEC rats as evidenced by an increased latency on rotarod compared with vehicle-treated CEC rats. CEC induced hyperalgesia was decreased by GSNO. GSNO also increased the expression of VEGF, reduced ce