some remarks on gradient estimates for heat kernels一些评价梯度估计热内核.pdf

SOME REMARKS ON GRADIENT ESTIMATES FOR HEAT KERNELS NICK DUNGEY Received 27 September 2004; Accepted 1 March 2005 This paper is concerned with pointwise estimates for the gradient of the heat kernel K , t t 0, of the Laplace operator on a Riemannian manifold M . Under standard assumptions on M , we show that ∇Kt satisfies Gaussian bounds if and only if it satisfies certain uni- form estimates or estimates in Lp for some 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞. The proof is based on finite speed propagation for the wave equation, and extends to a more general setting. We also prove that Gaussian bounds on ∇Kt are stable under surjective, submersive mappings between manifolds which preserve the Laplacians. As applications, we obtain gradient estimates on covering manifolds and on homogeneous spaces of Lie groups of polynomial growth and boundedness of Riesz transform operators. Copyright © 2006 Nick Dungey. This is an open access article distributed under the Cre- ative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1. Introduction Let M be a connected, complete Riemannian manifold. Write d(x,y ) for the Riemann- ian distance between x,y ∈ M and dx for the Riemannian measure. We set B (x, r) = {y ∈ M : d(x,y ) r } and V (x, r) := dx(B (x, r)) for r 0. Let H = −div ∇ be the positive Laplace operator, where div and ∇ are respectively the Riemannian divergence and gradi- ent on M . We consider the heat semigroup St = e−tH , t ≥ 0, which acts in Lp = Lp (M ; dx), 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞, and the heat kernel K (x,y ) defined for t 0, x,y ∈ M . We will assume the t volume doubling property, that is, there exists c 0 such that V (x,2r) ≤ cV (x, r)