草莓开花期发生霜害的温度.pdfVIP

植物学通报 2005, 22 (5): 560~565 Chinese Bulletin of Botany 实验简报 草莓开花期发生霜害的温度① ② 钟秀丽 王道龙 饶敏杰 何维勋 冯玉香 ( 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 北京 100081 ) 摘要 用人工霜箱对草莓(Fragaria ananassa) 叶片和花托进行模拟春霜实验。结果表明草莓叶片有 忍耐胞间结冰的能力, 最低叶温-6.4 ℃以上, 结冰持续90分钟以内的叶片解冻后还能存活。花托不能 忍耐胞间结冰, 是通过保持过冷却状态以回避结冰伤害。花托温度越低, 发生霜害的累积百分率越大, 半开花的花托温度降到-5.4 ℃时累计有50%发生结冰而造成霜害。盛开的花及鲜重大的花发生霜害 的温度较高。 关键词 草莓, 霜害, 温度 Tissue Temperature of Frost Injury in Strawberry During Anthesis ZHONG Xiu-Li② WANG Dao-Long RAO Min-Jie HE Wei-Xun FENG Yu-Xiang (Institute of Agro-Environment and Sustainable Development , the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081) Abstract Simulation tests of spring frost in strawberry (Fragaria ananassa ) leaves and receptacles involved use of an artificial climate chamber. Leaves could tolerate intercellular freez- ing to some extent. At a tissue temperature of -6.4 ℃, leaves could survive 90-min freezing, but receptacles were not able to tolerate intercellular freezing. Receptacles resisted frost injury by maintaining a state of supercooling to avoid freezing. The proportion of receptacles injured was inversely related to decreased receptacle temperature, reaching 50% at -5.4 ℃. Full-blossom flow- ers and those with heavier fresh weight were susceptible to frost injury even at higher temperatures. Key words Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa ); Frost injury; Temperature 露地草莓 (Fragaria ananassa )开花较早, 1992) 。近年的研究还发现, 花期遇0 ℃以下 常遇冷空气侵入而发生霜害, 表现为花变褐死 低温发生霜害, 草莓易形成鸡冠状、扁平状 亡, 叶缘、叶尖变黑干枯, 影响产量(Hummel 等不正常形状的畸形果, 严重影响其商品性和 and Moore, 1997) 。近年来保护地草莓发展很 经济价值(翟长庚和周娟丽, 2003) 。因为第1 快, 开花期遇寒流也常发生霜害( 王忠和, 级序花结出的果实最大且成熟最早, 遭受霜害 ①国家科技攻关课题(2004BA509B16)资助。 ②通讯作者。Author for correspondence. E-mail: zhongxl@cjac.org.cn 收稿日期: 2004-11-02 接受日期: 2005-06-30 责任编辑: 孙冬花, 白羽红 200