英语二级Irregular Verbs X__ II.doc

审题警句: 时态，人称，单复数， “谓语动词”多变故！ 冠词，代词，动名词， 分词，不定式各有路。 复习警句： 先‘英中’，后‘中英’；先小词，后大词；先常用， 后少见。 II. 英语小词类。英语除感叹词外，另有九个词类。其中，动词，名词，形容词和副词数量很大，难于一言而喻。但另外五个词类—冠词，介词，连接词，数词和代词，数量不多，而作用重大， 有‘功能词’之称，我们务必对其音，形，义及其用法，‘滚瓜烂熟’。 冠词。只有‘两个半’—-即定冠词 the ,表特指；和不定冠词a ，(元音—注意，不一定是元音字母的前面，用an),表泛指。 介词。一般放在名词前，介绍这个名词与别的名词， 或动词，形容词之间的关系。分成三种： 1。简单介词： a 族：about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, at b 族：before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, between, beyond, but, by o族：of, off, on, over t族：till, to, towards, through 混族：down, during, except, for, from, in, like, near, past, round, since, under, until, up, with 2. 合成介词：inside, into, onto, outside, throughout, upon, within, without 3．短语介词：according to, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, due to, in front of, in spite of, instead of, in accordance with, on account of, on behalf of, out of, owing to, together with, with regard to 三．连接词。分成两大类： 1．并列连词。用于连接平行或平等的词，词组或者分句： 如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, nevertheless, for, hence, both … and…, 但要注意：A as well as B 的重心在前面，即 A. 而not only B but also A; either B or A 以及 neither B nor A 则重心在后。 2． 从属连词。往往引导一个单句，并使其成为主句的一个成分，即是从句。 如引导状语从句的：after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, although, though, if, even if, unless, lest, because, than, so that, so … that…, as soon as, as long as, in order that, as if, as though, suppose (that), provided (that), in case (that), on condition (that), now (that), seeing that, such … that …, as … as, so … as 引导名词性从句，即主语从句，宾语从句 或者表语从句的：（原为疑问代词的） what, who, whom, whose, which; (原为疑问副词的) how, when where, why. 但要注意： that 只起粘连作用，在句中不担当任何成分。 而what 可兼做主句 和从句 的成分。whether 和 if 可用来引导由一般疑问句或反意问句转化过来的名词从句，但whether 强调选择， 而if 不能引导 主语从句表语从句。 疑问词who, whom, what, which, when, where, how 等，常加上_ever, 被用来表示“无论。。。”之义，也常被用做连接词，而且可以兼作主句和从句的成分。 数词。分成基数词，序数词和分数词。 基数词表： I II III IV 1. one 11. eleven * 10. ten