安塞退耕还林土壤性质研究.docVIP

 本科毕业论文 安塞县退耕还林后的改土效果研究 学 院：生态环境学院 专 业：07级水土保持与荒漠化防治 学 号：070415653 姓 名：杨晨辉 指导教师：赵杏花 职 称：讲师 论文提交日期：二О一一年六月摘 要  本文以陕西省安塞县的退耕还林地为研究对象，通过对当地不同类型退耕还林地的土壤理化性质进行，研究结果表明：不同的退耕还林类型对土壤产生不同的改良效果不同退耕还林模式下土壤有机质含量均随土层深度增加而递减，表现出明显的表聚性；不同林地类型之间的全量N、P、K的含量变化差异显著，而不同土层深度的全量P、K的差异不显著；不同退耕林地的速效N、P、K的含量变化幅度较大。对于物理性质土壤干燥化程度和土壤水分的分布也不同；在0-20cm以上土层除刺槐与山桃的土壤容重大于农田，其他退耕类型地的土壤容重都小于非退耕地土壤；退耕还林后表层土壤孔隙度均高于天然草地；退耕还林地粘粒、细粉粒的含量明显低于天然草地但大于农田，说明造林可以促进土壤环境的改善，并且随着时间的增加效果越明显。 关键词安塞县 退耕还林 土壤 The Research on Soil Physical and Chemical Charactors of Ansai County after Converting Farmland to Forest Soil physical and chemical chactors of converting farmland to forest land in Ansai county were studied this research. Through discussion and study on variation of physical and chemical nature of soil that has been returned from cropland. The preliminary research result shows that different type of Returning can make different refoming effects on soil. Under different model of Returning, the content of organic matter of soil decreases as the depth of the soil layer increases, which shows evident upright delamination. The content of total N, P, K of different types of woodland obviously vary, while toatl N, P, K of different depth of soil vary. The content of quick-acting N, P, K of different types of returned woodland change in a large scale. As for physical properties, different vegetation type lead to the differences of the level of desiccation and distribution of moisture in soil. Except for Robinia pseudoacacia and Prunus davidiana, bulk density of soil above 0-20cm is higher than the farmland, while bulk density of soil of other returning types is lower than non-returning soil. Porosity of returned surface soil is generally higher than natural prairie. The percentage of clay andfine silt is obviously lower than natural prairie but higher than the farmland. This shows that reforesting can promote the improvement of soil. Besides,the effect will be more obvious as the increasing of