(财政学罗森第九版英文课件)Chap016Efficient and Equitable Taxation.ppt

* * * * * * 16-* CHAPTER 16 Efficient and Equitable Taxation Copyright ? 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin Optimal Commodity Taxation w(T – l) = PXX + PYY wT = PXX + PYY + wl wT = (1 + t)PXX + (1 + t)PYY + (1 + t)wl 1 wT = PXX + PYY + wl 1 + t The Ramsey Rule X per year PX DX P0 X0 c P0 + uX b X1 ?X a ExcessBurden P0 + (uX + 1) f X2 i ?x e j h g MarginalExcessBurden marginal excess burden = area fbae = 1/2?x[uX + (uX + 1)] = ?X The Ramsey Rule Continued change in tax revenues = area gfih – area ibae = X2 – (X1 – X2)uXmarginal tax revenue = X1 ?X marginal tax revenue per additional dollar of tax revenue = ?X/(X1 - ?X) marginal tax revenue per additional dollar of tax revenue for good Y = ?Y/(Y1 - ?Y) To minimize overall excess burden = ?X/(X1 - ?X) = ?Y/(Y1 - ?Y) therefore A Reinterpretation of the Ramsey Rule inverse elasticity rule The Corlett-Hague Rule In the case of two commodities, efficient taxation requires taxing commodity complementary to leisure at a relatively high rate Equity Considerations Equity implications of inverse elasticity rule Vertical equity Optimal departure from Ramsey Rule Application: Taxation of the Family Under federal income tax law, fundamental unit of income taxation is family Is excess burden minimized by taxing each spouse’s income at same rate? Should husbands face higher marginal tax rates than wives? Optimal User Fees Z per year $ A Natural Monopoly DZ MRZ ACZ MCZ ZM PM ACM Z* P* ZA Marginal Cost Pricing withLump Sum Taxes Benefits received principle Average Cost Pricing A Ramsey Solution Optimal Income Taxation-Edgeworth’s Model W = U1 + U2 + … + Un Individuals have identical utility functions that