《医学遗传学》第二章 遗传信息的结构和功能（The second chapter of medical genetics structure and function of genetic information）.docVIP

《医学遗传学》第二章 遗传信息的结构和功能（The second chapter of medical genetics structure and function of genetic information） The second chapter is about the structure and function of genetic information Section 1 Structure and characteristics of DNA First, the molecular structure of DNA The DNA molecule is a double helix two polynucleotide chains parallel to each other and opposite direction (Figure 2-1). The skeleton is deoxyribose and phosphoric acid. The hydroxyl groups on the third and fifth positions of the ribose are respectively linked with the ester bond of phosphoric acid to form a chain structure. One end of the chain is ribose, 5 bit hydroxyl, usually writing 5 ends, and the other end is ribose 3 bit hydroxyl, by writing 3 ends. The hydroxyl group on the first position is connected to the base. 3 base is divided into two categories of 4. Purine: guanine (guanine, G), adenine (adenine, A) Pyrimidine: cytosine (cytosine, C), thymine (thymine, T) The two chains by base between complementary base pairs by hydrogen bond combination and connection. If A = T, C = G. So the formation of double stranded DNA is complementary base and ribose phosphate arranged in the opposite direction, which is a chain of 5 - 3 direction, another chain is 3 - 5 to. If the base sequence of a chain is 5 -CAGTTCA-3, the base composition of the other chain must be complementary to each other, and the orientation of the chain is opposite: 5 -CAGTTCA-3 3 -GTCAAGT-5 Classification of two and DNA sequences (I) nuclear genome Gene sequences: determine the DNA sequence of proteins. Any of the DNA sequences except the genetic sequence in a genome, including the DNA sequence between each gene. Coding sequence: a coding sequence, that is, a sequence of encoded proteins. Non coding sequences: introns + genes between DNA sequences 1. single sequence and repetitive sequence Single sequence: a copy or rarely repeated sequence of DNA in each genome. Accounting for genomic 60~70%. A single sequence is a gene that en