直接影响出口的措施-贸易政策审议数据库.DOC

trade policies and practices by measure III. 贸易政策与实践的具体措施 Measures Directly Affecting Imports (1) 直接影响进口的措施 Customs procedures (i) 海关程序 U.S.?Customs and Border Protection (CBP), part of the U.S.?Department of Homeland Security, is in charge of administering and enforcing customs legislation. The Advisory Committee on Commercial Operations of Customs and Border Protection, also known as COAC, is the formal venue for consultations with the private sector on customs matters. 1. 美国海关及边境保卫局（CBP） 隶属美国国土安全部，负责管理和执行海关立法。海关及边境保卫商务咨询委员会（COAC）是与私营部门就海关事宜进行交流的正式渠道。 Customs regulations are contained in title 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations. CBP maintains a searchable database of its rulings. It also publishes the Customs Bulletin, a weekly compilation of decisions, rulings, regulations, and regulatory proposals on customs matters. Importers can request advance written rulings from CBP. Advance rulings are binding. 2. 海关法规汇编于《联邦法规汇编》第19编。海关及边境保卫局为其裁决建有一个可供查询的数据库。它还出版《海关公报》，每周汇编有关海关事务的决定、裁决、法规以及立法建议等。进口商可以要求海关及边境保卫局书面作出预裁决。预裁决具有约束力。 Part 174 of title 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations specifies procedures for administrative review of certain customs decisions. The number of protests filed for administrative review totalled 37,485 in 2008, and 36,022 in 2009. Judicial review is conducted by the U.S.?Court of International Trade (CIT), and beyond that, the U.S.?Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and the U.S.?Supreme Court. In 2009, 423 cases were filed in the CIT involving customs issues. 3. 《联邦法规汇编》第19编第174部分详细规定了对某些海关决定进行行政复议的程序。2008年提起行政复议的案件共有37,485件，2009年有36,002件。行政诉讼（司法审议）由美国国际贸易法院（CIT）负责，再往上，是美国联邦巡回上诉法院，以及美国最高法院。2009年，提交美国国际贸易法院的涉及海关事务的行政诉讼案件共423件。 There are no special registration requirements for importers; the use of a customs broker is optional. Only U.S. citizens can be licensed as customs brokers. 4. 美国对于进口商没有特别的登记要求；是否使用海关经纪人听凭自愿。只有美国公民才能获得许可成为海关经纪人。 Under the SAFE Port Act of October 2006,