第三单元 陆地和海洋（Unit third land and sea）.doc

第三单元 陆地和海洋（Unit third land and sea） 1. Composition and circulation of crustal materials (1) a mineral consisting of rocks Elements: from more to less oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron Combination Mineral: the major rock forming minerals are quartz, mica, feldspar, and calcite Accumulation of igneous rocks (granite, Xuan Wuyan) Sedimentary rock: having a bedding structure, often containing fossils, including limestone (shale, shale, sandstone, conglomerate) Metamorphic rocks: marble, slate (2) the circulation of crustal materials From magma to the formation of various rocks and to the formation of new magmas, this process is the cycle of matter in the earths crust Two: crustal change and surface morphology 1) geological action: according to different sources of energy, it is divided into internal force and external force Internal force: earthquake, volcanic eruption, crustal movement and metamorphism Weathering: weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, debris flow, landslides, landslides 2) the basic form of crustal movement and its influence on Geomorphology The influence of crustal movement on the surface morphology Horizontal movement form fold mountains, such as the rift valley and the sea, the Great Rift Valley, formed by the horizontal movement of the Atlantic mainly, supplemented by vertical movement Vertical movement causes surface irregularities and sea land changes 3) the basic argument of the theory of plate tectonics (1) the global lithosphere is divided into six major sections (Textbook 63, page 3.11) (2) the plates are in constant motion, the plates are relatively stable inside, the plates border, the crust active, volcanoes, earthquakes and so on (3) the tensile zone plate often formed the rift or sea, Rudong Rift Valley, the Atlantic, in the extrusion plate collision zone, often forming mountains, when Oceanic and continental plates collide, forming a trench, island arc, coast mountains, when the continental and continental plates collide to for