barcoding sponges an overview based on comprehensive sampling条码海绵概述基于综合抽样.pdfVIP

Barcoding Sponges: An Overview Based on Comprehensive Sampling 1 1 1 ¨ 1 ¨ 1 Sergio Vargas , Astrid Schuster , Katharina Sacher , Gabrielle Buttner , Simone Schatzle , ¨ 1 2 2,3 1,4 ¨ 1,4,5 Benjamin Lauchli , Kathryn Hall , John N. A. Hooper , Dirk Erpenbeck , Gert Worheide * ¨ ¨ ¨ 1 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany, 2 Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 3 Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia, 4 GeoBio-CenterLMU ¨ , Munchen, ¨ Germany, 5 Bavarian State Collections of Palaeontology and Geology, Munchen, Germany Abstract Background: Phylum Porifera includes ,8,500 valid species distributed world-wide in aquatic ecosystems ranging from ephemeral fresh-water bodies to coastal environments and the deep-sea. The taxonomy and systematics of sponges is complicated, and morphological identification can be both time consuming and erroneous due to phenotypic convergence and secondary losses, etc. DNA barcoding can provide sponge biologists with a simple and rapid me