being pathogenic, plastic, and sexual while living with a nearly minimal bacterial genome致病性,塑料和性,而生活在几乎最小的细菌基因组.pdfVIP

Being Pathogenic, Plastic, and Sexual while Living with a Nearly Minimal Bacterial Genome 1,2 1,2¤a 3¤b 4 ´ ´4 ´ 5 Pascal Sirand-Pugnet , Carole Lartigue , Marc Marenda , Daniel Jacob , Aurelien Barre , Valerie Barbe , 5 5 5 5 4 Chantal Schenowitz , Sophie Mangenot , Arnaud Couloux , Beatrice Segurens , Antoine de Daruvar , Alain Blanchard1,2, Christine Citti3* ´ 1 Universite Bordeaux 2, UMR1090, Villenave d’Ornon, France, 2 INRA, UMR1090, Villenave d’Ornon, France, 3 INRA, ENVT, UMR1225, Toulouse, France, 4 Centre de ´ ´ Bioinformatique de Bordeaux, Universite Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France, 5 Genoscope, Centre National de Sequenc¸age, Evry, France Mycoplasmas are commonly described as the simplest self-replicating organisms, whose evolution was mainly characterized by genome downsizing with a proposed evolutionary scenario similar to that of obligate intracellular bacteria such as insect endosymbionts. Thus far, analysis of mycoplasma genomes indicates a low level of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) implying that DNA acquisition is strongly limited in these minimal bacteria. In this study, the genome of the ruminant pathogen Mycoplasma agalactiae was sequenced. Comparative genomic data and phylogenetic tree reconstruction revealed that ;18% of its small genome (877,438 bp) has undergone HGT with the phylogenetically distinct mycoides cluster, which is composed of significant r