early warning of cotton bollworm resistance associated with intensive planting of bt cotton in china预警棉铃虫耐药性与集约种植bt棉花在中国.pdfVIP

Early Warning of Cotton Bollworm Resistance Associated with Intensive Planting of Bt Cotton in China 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 3 Haonan Zhang , Wei Yin , Jing Zhao , Lin Jin , Yihua Yang , Shuwen Wu , Bruce E. Tabashnik , Yidong Wu1,2* 1 College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China, 2 Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China, 3 Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America Abstract Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins kill some key insect pests, but evolution of resistance by pests can reduce their efficacy. The predominant strategy for delaying pest resistance to Bt crops requires refuges of non-Bt host plants to promote survival of susceptible pests. To delay pest resistance to transgenic cotton producing Bt toxin Cry1Ac, farmers in the United States and Australia planted refuges of non-Bt cotton, while farmers in China have relied on ‘‘natural’’ refuges of non-Bt host plants other than cotton. Here we report data from a 2010 survey showing field-evolved resistance to Cry1Ac of the major target pest, cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), in northern China. Laboratory bioassay results show that susceptibility to Cry1Ac was significantly lower in 13 field populations from northern China, where Bt cotton has been planted intensively, than in two populations from sites in northwestern China where exposure to Bt cotton has been limited. Susceptibility to Bt toxin Cry2Ab did not differ between northern and northwestern China, demonstrating that resistance to Cry1Ac