effect of bednets and indoor residual spraying on spatio-temporal clustering of malaria in a village in south ethiopia a longitudinal study影响疟疾的蚊帐和室内残留喷洒在时空聚类在埃塞俄比亚南部的一个村庄一个纵向研究.pdfVIP

Effect of Bednets and Indoor Residual Spraying on Spatio-Temporal Clustering of Malaria in a Village in South Ethiopia: A Longitudinal Study Eskindir Loha1,2*, Torleif Markussen Lunde2,3, Bernt Lindtjørn2 1 School of Public and Environmental Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2 Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, 3 Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Abstract Background: Understanding the spatio-temporal pattern of malaria transmission where prevention and control measures are in place will help to fine-tune strategies. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of mass distribution of bednets and indoor residual spraying (IRS) with insecticides on the spatio-temporal clustering of malaria in one malaria endemic village in south Ethiopia. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted from April 2009 to April 2011. The average population was 6631 in 1346 locations. We used active and passive searches for malaria cases for 101 weeks. SatScan v9.1.1 was used to identify statistically significant retrospective space–time clusters. A discrete Poisson based model was applied with the aim of identifying areas with high rates. PASW Statistics 18 was used to build generalized Poisson loglinear model. Results: The total number of both types of malaria episodes was 622, giving 45.1 episodes per 1000 persons per year; among these, episodes of Plasmodium falciparum and vivax infection numbered 316 (22.9 per 1000 per year) and 306 (22.2 per 1000 per year), respectively. IRS with Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and later with Deltamethrin and free mass distribution of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) were carried out during the study period. There was space–time clustering of malaria episod