drivers of inequality in millennium development goal progress a statistical analysis司机的不平等在千禧年发展目标进度统计分析.pdfVIP

Drivers of Inequality in Millennium Development Goal Progress: A Statistical Analysis David Stuckler1,2*, Sanjay Basu3,4, Martin McKee2,5 1 Oxford University, Department of Sociology, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2 London School of Hygiene Tropical Medicine, Department of Public Health and Policy, London, United Kingdom, 3 Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 4 Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 5 European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, Brussels, Belgium Abstract Background: Many low- and middle-income countries are not on track to reach the public health targets set out in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). We evaluated whether differential progress towards health MDGs was associated with economic development, public health funding (both overall and as percentage of available domestic funds), or health system infrastructure. We also examined the impact of joint epidemics of HIV/AIDS and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), which may limit the ability of households to address child mortality and increase risks of infectious diseases. Methods and Findings: We calculated each country’s distance from its MDG goals for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and infant and child mortality targets for the year 2005 using the United Nations MDG database for 227 countries from 1990 to the present. We studied the association of economic development (gross domestic product [GDP] per capita in purchasing-power- parity), the relative priority placed on health (health spending as a percentage of GDP), real health spending (health system expenditures in purchasing-power-parity), HIV/AIDS burden (prevalence rates among ages 15–49 y), and NCD burden (age- standardised chronic disease mortal