flavodiiron proteins in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms photoprotection of photosystem ii by flv2 and flv4 in synechocystis sp. pcc 6803flavodiiron蛋白氧光合生物光的光系统ii flv2和flv4集胞藻属pcc 6803 sp.pdfVIP

Flavodiiron Proteins in Oxygenic Photosynthetic Organisms: Photoprotection of Photosystem II by Flv2 and Flv4 in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Pengpeng Zhang, Yagut Allahverdiyeva, Marion Eisenhut, Eva-Mari Aro* Department of Biology, Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Abstract Background: Flavodiiron proteins (FDPs) comprise a group of modular enzymes that function in oxygen and nitric oxide detoxification in Bacteria and Archaea. The FDPs in cyanobacteria have an extra domain as compared to major prokaryotic enzymes. The physiological role of cyanobacteria FDPs is mostly unknown. Of the four putative flavodiiron proteins (Flv1–4) in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a physiological function in Mehler reaction has been suggested for Flv1 and Flv3. Principal Findings: We demonstrate a novel and crucial function for Flv2 and Flv4 in photoprotection of photosystem II (PSII) in Synechocystis. It is shown that the expression of Flv2 and Flv4 is high under air level of CO2 and negligible at elevated CO2. Moreover, the rate of accumulation of flv2 and flv4 transcripts upon shift of cells from high to low CO2 is strongly dependent on light intensity. Characterization of FDP inactivation mutants of Synechocystis revealed a specific decline in PSII centers and impaired translation of the D1 protein in Dflv2 and Dflv4 when grown at air level CO2 whereas at high CO2 the Flvs were dispensable. Dflv2 and Dflv4 were also more susceptible to high light induced inhibition of PSII than WT or Dflv1 and Dflv3. Significance: Analysis of published sequences revealed the presence of cyanobacteria-like FDPs also in some oxygenic photosynthetic eukaryotes like green algae, mosses and lycophytes. Our data provide evidence that Flv2 and Flv4 have an impo