functional electrical stimulation of intrinsic laryngeal muscles under varying loads in exercising horses功能性电刺激运动内在喉部肌肉在不同负载下的马.pdfVIP

Functional Electrical Stimulation of Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles under Varying Loads in Exercising Horses 1 1 2 1 3 1 Jon Cheetham *, Abby Regner , Jonathan C. Jarvis , David Priest , Ira Sanders , Leo V. Soderholm , Lisa M. Mitchell1, Norm G. Ducharme1 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America, 2 Institute for Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 3 Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, United States of America Abstract Bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVCP) is a life threatening condition and appears to be a good candidate for therapy using functional electrical stimulation (FES). Developing a working FES system has been technically difficult due to the inaccessible location and small size of the sole arytenoid abductor, the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle. A naturally-occurring disease in horses shares many functional and etiological features with BVCP. In this study, the feasibility of FES for equine vocal fold paralysis was explored by testing arytenoid abduction evoked by electrical stimulation of the PCA muscle. Rheobase and chronaxie were determined for innervated PCA muscle. We then tested the hypothesis that direct muscle stimulation can maintain airway patency during strenuous exercise in horses with induced transient conduction block of the laryngeal motor nerve. Six adult horses were instrumented with a single bipolar intra-muscular electrode in the left PCA muscle. Rheobase and chronaxie were within the normal range for innervated muscle at 0.5560.38 v and 0.38 60.19 ms respectively. Intramuscular stimulation of the PCA musc