nonheritable cellular variability accelerates the evolutionary processes of cancernonheritable细胞变化加速癌症的进化过程.pdfVIP

Essay Nonheritable Cellular Variability Accelerates the Evolutionary Processes of Cancer Steven A. Frank1,2*, Marsha Rich Rosner3 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, 3 Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America Summary: Recent cancer studies But does genotype always come before may eventually favor a new genetic emphasize that genetic and herita- phenotype in an evolutionary response variant, leading to evolutionary change. ble epigenetic changes drive the [5]? Consider the alternative in which It is certainly possible that nonherita- evolutionary rate of cancer pro- phenotype comes first, before any genetic ble phenotypic variants come before gression and drug resistance. We or heritable epigenetic change. In initial genetic variants in cancer evolution. But discuss the ways in which nonher- drug treatment, cancer cells with the same does it actually happen that way? And if itable aspects of cellular variability genotype may vary phenotypically with so, does it matter whether phenotypic or may significantly increase evolu- regard to resistance. Nongenetic pheno- genetic variants come first in evolutionary tionary rate. Nonheritable variabili- typic variation arises by stochastic fluctu- progression and drug resistance? How ty arises by stochastic fluctuations ations in cellular st