normalized lift an energy interpretation of the lift coefficient simplifies comparisons of the lifting ability of rotating and flapping surfaces规范化提升能源的解释的升力系数简化比较升降旋转和拍打表面的能力.pdfVIP

Normalized Lift: An Energy Interpretation of the Lift Coefficient Simplifies Comparisons of the Lifting Ability of Rotating and Flapping Surfaces 1 2 Phillip Burgers *, David E. Alexander 1 Department of Arts and Sciences, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, San Diego, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America Abstract For a century, researchers have used the standard lift coefficient CL to evaluate the lift, L, generated by fixed wings over an area S against dynamic pressure, Krv2, where v is the effective velocity of the wing. Because the lift coefficient was developed initially for fixed wings in steady flow, its application to other lifting systems requires either simplifying assumptions or complex adjustments as is the case for flapping wings and rotating cylinders. This paper interprets the standard lift coefficient of a fixed wing slightly differently, as the work exerted by the wing on the surrounding flow field (L/ r?S), compared against the total kinetic energy required for generating said lift, Kv2. This reinterpreted coefficient, the normalized lift, is derived from the work-energy theorem and compares the lifting capabilities of dissimilar lift systems on a similar energy footing. The normalized lift is the same as the standard lift coefficient for fixed wings, but differs for wings with more complex motions; it also accounts for such complex motions explicitly and without complex modifications or adjustments. We compare the normalized lift with the previously-reported values of lift coefficient for a rotating cylinder in Magnus effect, a bat during hovering and forward flight, and a hovering dipte