north african populations carry the signature of admixture with neandertals北非人口携带剂与尼安德特人的签名.pdfVIP

North African Populations Carry the Signature of Admixture with Neandertals ´ 1. ´ 1. 3 3 ´ ´ 4 Federico Sanchez-Quinto , Laura R. Botigue , Sergi Civit , Conxita Arenas , Marıa C. Avila-Arcos , Carlos D. Bustamante2, David Comas 1, Carles Lalueza-Fox 1* 1 Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain, 2 Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of ´ America, 3 Departament d’Estadıstica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, 4 Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Abstract One of the main findings derived from the analysis of the Neandertal genome was the evidence for admixture between Neandertals and non-African modern humans. An alternative scenario is that the ancestral population of non-Africans was closer to Neandertals than to Africans because of ancient population substructure. Thus, the study of North African populations is crucial for testing both hypotheses. We analyzed a total of 780,000 SNPs in 125 individuals representing seven different North African locations and searched for their ancestral/derived state in comparison to different human populations and Neandertals. We found that North African populations have a significant excess of derived alleles shared with Neandertals, when compared to sub-Saharan Africans. This excess is similar to that found in non-African humans, a fact that can be interpreted as a sign