on the evolution of the standard genetic code vestiges of critical scale invariance from the rna world in current prokaryote genomes在标准遗传密码的进化痕迹的临界尺度不变性在当前原核生物基因组rna世界.pdfVIP

On the Evolution of the Standard Genetic Code: Vestiges of Critical Scale Invariance from the RNA World in Current Prokaryote Genomes ´ 1 1 ´ ´ 1,2 1 Marco V. Jose *, Tzipe Govezensky , Jose A. Garcıa , Juan R. Bobadilla ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ 1 Theoretical Biology Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F., Mexico, 2 Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Abstract Herein two genetic codes from which the primeval RNA code could have originated the standard genetic code (SGC) are derived. One of them, called extended RNA code type I, consists of all codons of the type RNY (purine-any base-pyrimidine) plus codons obtained by considering the RNA code but in the second (NYR type) and third (YRN type) reading frames. The extended RNA code type II, comprises all codons of the type RNY plus codons that arise from transversions of the RNA code in the first (YNY type) and third (RNR) nucleotide bases. In order to test if putative nucleotide sequences in the RNA World and in both extended RNA codes, share the same scaling and statistical properties to those encountered in current prokaryotes, we used the genomes of four Eubacteria and three Archaeas. For each prokaryote, we obtained their respective genomes obeying the RNA code or the extended RNA codes types I and II. In each case, we estimated the scaling properties of triplet sequences via a renormalization group approach, and we calculated the frequency distributions of dista