on genetic specificity in symbiont-mediated host-parasite coevolution在基因特异性symbiont-mediated开始共同进化.pdfVIP

On Genetic Specificity in Symbiont-Mediated Host- Parasite Coevolution 1,2 ¨ 3,4 1,2 Marek Kwiatkowski *, Jan Engelstadter , Christoph Vorburger ¨ ¨ ¨ 1 Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 2 Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland, 3 Institute ¨ ¨ of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 4 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Abstract Existing theory of host-parasite interactions has identified the genetic specificity of interaction as a key variable affecting the outcome of coevolution. The Matching Alleles (MA) and Gene For Gene (GFG) models have been extensively studied as the canonical examples of specific and non-specific interaction. The generality of these models has recently been challenged by uncovering real-world host-parasite systems exhibiting specificity patterns that fit neither MA nor GFG, and by the discovery of symbiotic bacteria protecting insect hosts against parasites. In the present paper we address both challenges, simulating a large number of non-canonical models of host-parasite interactions that explicitly incorporate symbiont-based host resistance. To assess the genetic specialisation in these hybrid models, we develop a quantitative index of specificity applicable to any coevolutionary model based on a fitness matrix. We find qualitative and quantitative effects of host- parasite and symbiont-parasite