the methodology of doppler-derived central blood flow measurements in newborn infantsdoppler-derived中央血流量测量的方法在新生婴儿.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Pediatrics Volume 2012, Article ID 680162, 13 pages doi:10.1155/2012/680162 Review Article The Methodology of Doppler-Derived Central Blood Flow Measurements in Newborn Infants Koert A. de Waal1, 2 1 University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia 2 Department of Neonatology, John Hunter Children’s Hospital, Lookout Road, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia Correspondence should be addressed to Koert A. de Waal, koert.deWaal@.au Received 6 July 2011; Accepted 4 October 2011 Academic Editor: Doff B. McElhinney Copyright © 2012 Koert A. de Waal. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Central blood flow (CBF) measurements are measurements in and around the heart. It incorporates cardiac output, but also measurements of cardiac input and assessment of intra- and extracardiac shunts. CBF can be measured in the central circulation as right or left ventricular output (RVO or LVO) and/or as cardiac input measured at the superior vena cava (SVC flow). Assessment of shunts incorporates evaluation of the ductus arteriosus and the foramen ovale. This paper describes the methodology of CBF measurements in newborn infants. It provides a brief overview of the evolution of Doppler ultrasound blood flow measurements, basic principles of Doppler ultrasound, and an overview of all used methodology in the literature. A general guide for interpretation and normal values with suggested cutoffs of CBFs are provided for clinical use. 1. Introduction regional flow can be increased up to 30 times the