地质灾害及防御（Geological disasters and defense）.docVIP

地质灾害及防御（Geological disasters and defense） Fifteenth talk about rivers and lakes in China I. General Situation of rivers and lakes 1, the inner flow region and the outer flow area River outflow: final river flowing to the sea (mainly into the Pacific Ocean, Nu River, Brahmaputra River into India ocean, the only river flowing into the Arctic Ocean is the Irtysh River). River: not ultimately river flowing to the sea, Tarim River, Chinas largest river. Line: Greater Khingan Range - Helan - Qilian - Shandong Yinshan Mountain, south end line and 200MM line close to precipitation. Internal and external drainage area The area accounts for the national total water volume In the 1/3 river basin area of less than 5% The outflow area is more than 95% 2/3 in the drainage basin 2. Drainage pattern (1) the dominant factor affecting the drainage pattern: geomorphology. The Loess Plateau drainage density, dendritic and surface morphology of millions of gullies. Centripetal drainage system and basin topography in Sichuan basin. North and South arranged rivers and parallel mountains in Hengduan mountains. The parallel water system and glacial erosion landforms of the Scandinavia mountains. (2) natural disasters Fan-shaped water system: flow confluence, easy flooding. Normal year: stagger flood peak. North and South symmetrical river system (Yangtze River) Abnormal year: at the same time, it is easy to reach flood peak. East and West symmetrical water system (middle reaches of the Yellow River): easy flood. 3, hydrological characteristics (1) the meaning of river hydrological characteristics: from water level, flow, sediment concentration, whether or not frozen period. (2) the common hydrological characteristics and causes of the outflow river: Time, water, water level, ice age When the summer wind prevails, it rises greatly and forms no flood season When winter monsoon prevails, the small drops and forms a low water season, generally along the north of Qinling Mountains and Huaihe (3)