担保物权侵害及其救济——以担保物侵害为中心.docVIP

担保物权侵害及其救济——以担保物侵害为中心 　 关键词: 担保物权/侵权行为/ 法律 救济/物上代位 内容提要: 对担保物权的侵害以对担保物的侵害为中心,主要表现为侵夺担保物的占有、妨害担保物以及毁损担保物三种情形。担保物占有被侵夺时,担保物权（包括抵押权）人得请求占有之回复。担保物遭受外部妨害时,无论妨害行为的样态与程度如何,担保物权人均可主张妨害之排除。担保物被毁损时,担保物权之救济因毁损人不同而有区别:债务人毁损担保物的,可剥夺债务人的期限利益；担保人（物上保证人）毁损担保物且不提供增担保的,除剥夺债务人的期限利益外,还可进一步追究担保人侵犯担保物权的责任；第三人毁损担保物的,担保物权人可对担保人的损害赔偿请求权进行物上代位,而不必主张侵害担保物权,同时,担保人也可主动提出增担保以阻止物上代位的发生。 编辑。 Abstract: The infringement of the security interest is centered on infringing the p ledge, including dep riving the possession of, impairing, and damaging the p ledge. When possession of the p ledge is dep rived, thep ledgee （ including mortgage） is entitled to regaining the possession. When the p ledge is impaired, the p ledgee can claim for eliminating the obstruction regardless of the form or degree. Yetwhen the p ledge is damagedby different parties, the relief of the security interest varies as follows: if caused by the debtor, he is dep rivedof his interest of period； if by the p ledgor （ the warrantor offering the p ledge） , who failed to offer additionalp ledge, the liability of infringing the security interestwill be imposed on him, besides the dep rival of the deb2tor?s interest of period. And if by a third party, the p ledgee can substitute the remedies for damage enjoyed bythe p ledgor for the security interest, rather than claim for liabilities of security interest infringement. In themeanwhile, the p ledgor can actively offer additional p ledge to p revent such substitution. Key words: security interest； act of tort； relief from law； substitution for security interest 担保物权为物权之一种,就理论而言,物权皆为侵权行为的客体,担保物权自亦为侵权行为之对象。 在实际生活中,也经常因担保物被侵害等原因使担保物权人对担保物交换价值的支配受到妨碍,进而影响担保债权的优先受偿。因此,法律应对担保物权提供切实、充分的救济。而且,担保物权是一种价值支配权,相对于其他物权被侵害的情况而言,侵害担保物权的行为样态以及法律对受到侵害的担保物权的救济手段均有所不同。我国立法已经初步建立起了担保物权保护制度,其主要内容为:《担保法》第51条规定:“抵押人的行为足以使抵押物的价值减少的,抵押权人有权要求抵押人停止其行为。抵押物价值减少时,抵押权人有权要求抵押人恢复抵押物的价值,或者提供与减少的价值相当的担保；抵押人对抵押物价值减少无过错的,抵押权人只能在抵押人因损害而得到的赔偿范围内要求提供担保。抵押物价值未减少的部分,仍作为债权的担保”；《担保法》第70条规定:“质物有损害或价值明显减少的可能,足以危害质权人权利的