PanPearlRiverDeltaPhysicsOlympiad20172017年泛珠三角及.PDF

Pan Pearl River Delta Physics Olympiad 2017 2017 年泛珠三角及中华名校物理奥林匹克邀请赛 Sponsored by Institute for Advanced Study, HKUST 香港科技大学高等研究院赞助 Simplified Chinese Part-2 (Total 2 Problems, 55 Points) 简体版卷-2 （共2题，55分） (2:00 pm – 5:00 pm, 3 February, 2017) All final answers should be written in the answer sheet. 所有最后答案要写在答题纸上。 All detailed answers should be written in the answer book. 所有详细答案要写在答题簿上。 There are 2 problems. Please answer each problem starting on a new page. 共有2 题，每答1 题，须采用新一页纸。 Please answer on each page using a single column. Do not use two columns on a single page. 每页纸请用单一直列的方式答题。不可以在一页纸上以双直列方式答题。 Please answer on only one page of each sheet. Do not use both pages of the same sheet. 每张纸单页作答。不可以双页作答。 Rough work can be written in the answer book. Please cross out the rough work after answering the questions. No working sheets for rough work will be distributed. 草稿可以写在答题簿上，答题后要在草稿上划上交叉，不会另发草稿纸。 If the answer book is not enough for your work, you can raise your hand. Extra answer books will be provided. Your name and examination number should be written on all answer books. 考试中答题簿不够可以举手要，所有答题簿都要写下姓名和考号 。 At the end of the competition, please put the question paper and answer sheet inside the answer book. If you have extra answer books, they should also be put inside the first answer book. 比赛结束时，请把考卷和答题纸夹在答题簿里面，如有额外的答题簿也要夹在第一本答题 簿里面。 Problem 1: Bose Einstein Condensation (22 points) 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 （22 分） -34 Planck’s constant 普朗克常数h = 6.626  10 Js -23 -1 Boltzmann constant 波尔兹曼常数kB = 1.381  10 JK In nature, particles are classified into two different kinds: bosons and fermions. Bosons (e.g. photons) are pa