A Power Primer Kent State University（肯特州立大学的底漆）.pdfVIP

file:///Dave/Desktop%20Folder/cohen_1992 Psychological Bulletin © 1992 by the American Psychological Association July 1992 Vol. 112, No. 1, 155-159 For personal use only--not for distribution. A Power Primer Jacob Cohen New York University ABSTRACT One possible reason for the continued neglect of statistical power analysis in research in the behavioral sciences is the inaccessibility of or difficulty with the standard material. A convenient, although not comprehensive, presentation of required sample sizes is provided here. Effect-size indexes and conventional values for these are given for operationally defined small, medium, and large effects. The sample sizes necessary for .80 power to detect effects at these levels are tabled for eight standard statistical tests: (a) the difference between independent means, (b) the significance of a product—moment correlation, (c) the difference between independent r s, (d) the sign test, (e) the difference between independent proportions, (f) chi-square tests for goodness of fit and contingency tables, (g) one-way analysis of variance, and (h) the significance of a multiple or multiple partial correlation. I am grateful to Patricia Cohen for her useful comments. Correspondence may be addressed to Jacob Cohen, Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, 5th Floor, New York, New York, 10003. Received: February 1, 1991 Revised: April 26, 1991 Accepted: May 2, 1991 The preface to the first edition of my power handbook ( Cohen, 1969 ) begins: During my first dozen years of teaching an