Diet, nutrition and the prevention of excess （过度饮食、营养和预防）.pdf

Public Health Nutrition: 7(1A), 123–146 DOI: 10.1079/PHN2003585 Diet, nutrition and the prevention of excess weight gain and obesity 1, 2 3 4 BA Swinburn *, I Caterson , JC Seidell and WPT James 1Physical Activity and Nutrition Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia: 2Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia: 3Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: 4International Obesity Task Force, London, UK Abstract Objective: To review the evidence on the diet and nutrition causes of obesity and to recommend strategies to reduce obesity prevalence. Design: The evidence for potential aetiological factors and strategies to reduce obesity prevalence was reviewed, and recommendations for public health action, population nutrition goals and further research were made. Results: Protective factors against obesity were considered to be: regular physical activity (convincing); a high intake of dietary non-starch polysaccharides (NSP)/fibre (convincing); supportive home and school environments for children (probable); and breastfeeding (probable). Risk factors for obesity were considered to be sedentary lifestyles (convincing); a high intake of energy-dense, micronutrient-poor foods (convincing); heavy marketing of energy-dense foods and fast food outlets (probable); sugar-sweetened soft drinks and fruit juices (probable); adverse social and economic conditions—developed countries, especially in women (probable). A broad range of strategies were recommended to reduce obe