Distributed Generation and Power Quality – （分布式发电和电能质量）.pdf

16 Distributed Generation and Power Quality – Case Study Vu Van Thong and Johan Driesen C16.1 DISTRIBUTION NETWORK A segment of an existing Belgian medium-voltage distribution system is used to study the power quality and voltage stability with different distributed generation (DG) technologies (Figure C16.1). The system includes one transformer of 14 MVA, 70/10 kV and four cable feeders. The primary winding of the transformer is connected to the transmission grid and can be considered as an infinite node. Normal operation of the distribution system is in radial mode and the connections at node 111 with feeders 2, 3 and 4 are normally open. Figure C16.1 Tested distribution system Handbook of Power Quality Edited by Angelo Baggini © 2008 John Wiley Sons, Ltd 114 C16.2 STEADY-STATE VOLTAGE RISE A DG unit is connected at node 406 of feeder 4. It can be a synchronous or induction generator. The total load in the system is 9.92 MW, 4.9 Mvar. Both synchronous and induction generators are simulated at different output power at 3 MW and 6 MW. The synchronous generator has a power factor of 0.98 (injecting reactive power into the network). The induction generator has a power factor of 0.95 (consuming reactive power from the network). Compared to the base case without any DG connected, the active power of the DG raises the voltages in feeder 4 (Figure C16.2). For the synchronous 6 MW, overvoltages occur at node 406 and its neighbors. Figure C16.3 illustrates how the voltage at node 406 changes with different generated power and power factors. Compared to the case where DG only injects active power or operates at unity power factor, synchronous generators raise the voltage of the system faster due to reactive power support. For induction generators, the voltage rise is smaller, and at a certain level of power generation