Filters for Black White Photography（过滤器为黑人白人摄影）.pdf

    Filters for Black White Photography                 Panchromatic Film—How it works. Panchromatic film records all colors of light in the same tones of grey. Light Intensity (the number of photons per square inch) is what determines what shade of grey gets produced on film. How we see things. Our vision is not like panchromatic film. We are most sensitive to yellow light, which is right in the middle of the visible spectrum. This is biological sensitivity, due to our vision adapting to sunlight. We are the least sensitive to violet light, followed by blue light. These wavebands are the highest frequency visible light (short wavelength). If we look at different colors of light, all with exactly the same light intensity, yellow appears the brightest, followed by green and orange, followed by red and blue, with violet the darkest. Due to atmospheric conditions, excessive amounts of blue and violet light are present outdoors. Blue and violet light have short wavelengths, and do not focus well on the film plane, like longer wavelength light. Excessive blue and violet light cause haziness on the film, so we need to selectively filter out the excess amounts of blue and violet light, in order to produce clear detailed photographs. In addition to the biological sensitivity of our vision, our brain automatically makes color corrections, and our vision makes automatic adjustments as well. An example of this would be walking indoors after being out in the sunlight for some time. When we go inside, electric lights appear yellow. After being indoors for some time, the electric lights appear to be white lights. When we return outdoors, sun