Global Trade and Development（全球贸易和发展）.pdfVIP

RICH WORLD, POOR WORLD: A GUIDE TO GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GLOBAL TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT GLOBAL TRADE, THE UNITED STATES, HOW DOES TRADE AFFECT DEVELOPMENT AND AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GLOBAL POVERTY? Trade plays a key role in an increasingly Trade has been a part of economic development for interconnected and interdependent world, and it centuries. It has the potential to be a significant force makes up a large part of the global economy. for reducing global poverty by spurring economic For example: growth, creating jobs, reducing prices, increasing the ■ The value of world exports in 2005 was over variety of goods for consumers, and helping countries $10.3 trillion, one-third of which originated in acquire new technologies. developing countries and one-third of which was sold in these countries. But economic integration affects different people, ■ Over the past 40 years, trade has grown from sectors, and countries differently. For example, the 9.6% to 26% of the U.S. national economy. This North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), shift has meant that more U.S. jobs are linked to which governs trade between the U.S., Canada, and trade and that Americans can buy more low-cost Mexico, has had mixed effects for the people of Mexico: goods from abroad. ■ It is estimated that without NAFTA, Mexico ■ As poor countries become richer and more would have had 40% less foreign direct investment integrated in the global economy, they purchase and its exports would have been 25% lower. This more American goods. About 45% of U.S. would have meant fewer jobs, and average exports