美国国家历史课程标准的制定及反响.pdfVIP

摘 要 20 世纪后半期当美国教育改革走到十字路口时，“危机”意识促使了历史教育基于 标准化运动的改革进程。改革的内在动力是新史学的发展，但当改革者们试图将史学发 展的新成果融入《美国国家历史课程标准》时，他们的努力却几乎无可避免的被政治化， 从而引起广泛的质疑与争论，标准的制定反映了美国社会各方利益的冲突与妥协。在经 历激烈争论后修订的标准并没有一劳永逸的解决人们的疑问，相反的标准的实施使这种 争论在更广阔的层面上进行着。 《美国国家历史课程标准》制定与实施的实践表明，美国通向中小学历史教学改革 的道路并不平坦。标准的制定远不仅仅是历史教育本身的问题，社会对标准的质疑如同 推动标准制定一样左右着改革的进程。改革者们将史学发展的新成果引入标准的愿望无 可厚非，但如何才能让课程标准的理论与始终变化着的实践密切结合起来，避免“水土 不服”的情况，从而平衡各方面关系，为标准的最终实施扫除障碍，这是美国教育界值 得长期思考的问题。同样，美国教育界遇到的这些问题，也将是我国历史课程改革中可 能出现并长期存在的，对这些问题的研究可以为我们的改革提供有益的参考。 关键词： 历史课程标准，美国教育，改革，反响 I ABSTRACT Half of the 20th century, when the American educational reform at a crossroads, the crisis to promote awareness of the history of education reform process based on standards movement, reform of the internal driving force is the development of new history, but reformers are trying to Historical development of the new results into the National Standards for History in the United States, their efforts have been almost inevitable politicization, which led to a wide range of questions and debate the development of standards reflects the interests of all parties of conflict in American society And compromise, after heated debate in the experience of the revised standard does not address peoples questions once and for all, contrary to the implementation of standards to make this in a broader debate on the level with. National Standards for History in the United States the formulation and implementation of practice that the United States leads the road to reform primary and secondary history teaching is not easy. Much more than the historical standards of education itself, the community standard to promote the standards as the same question about the reform p