Hydraulic Actuator System NPTEL（液压执行机构系统NPTEL）.pdfVIP

Module 6 Actuators Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur 1 Lesson 26 Hydraulic Actuation Systems - I: Principle and Components Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur 2 Lesson Objectives After learning the lesson students should be able to • Describe the principles of operation of hydraulic systems and understand its advantages • Be familiar with basic hydraulic components and their roles in the system • Describe the constructional and functional aspects of hydraulic pumps and motors • Draw the graphical symbols used to depict typical hydraulic system components Introduction Hydraulic Actuators, as used in industrial process control, employ hydraulic pressure to drive an output member. These are used where high speed and large forces are required. The fluid used in hydraulic actuator is highly incompressible so that pressure applied can be transmitted instantaneously to the member attached to it. th It was not, however, until the 17 century that the branch of hydraulics with which we are to be concerned first came into use. Based upon a principle discovered by the French scientist Pascal, it relates to the use of confined fluids in transmitting power, multiplying force and modifying motions. Then, in the early stages of the industrial revolution, a British mechanic named Joseph Bramah utilized Pascal’s discovery in developing a hydraulic press. Bramah decided that, if a small force on a small area would create a proportionally larger force on a larger area, the only limit to the force a machine can exert is the area to