SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL, MANUFACTURING （机械学院的制造业）.pdf

QUT SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL, MANUFACTURING MEDICAL ENGINEERING MEN170: SYSTEMS MODELLING AND SIMULATION 7. SIMPLE QUEUING MODELS: 7.1 INTRODUCTION: A queuing system consists of one or more servers that provide service of some sort to arriving customers. Customers who arrive to find all servers busy generally join one or more queues (lines) in front of the servers, hence the name queuing systems. There are several everyday examples that can be described as queuing systems, such as bank-teller service, computer systems, manufacturing systems, maintenance systems, communications systems and so on. Components of a Queuing System: A queuing system is characterised by three components: - Arrival process - Service mechanism - Queue discipline. Arrival Process Arrivals may originate from one or several sources referred to as the calling population. The calling population can be limited or unlimited. An example of a limited calling population may be that of a fixed number of machines that fail randomly. The arrival process consists of describing how customers arrive to the system. If Ai is the inter- arrival time between the arrivals of the (i-1)th and ith customers, we shall denote the mean (or expected) inter-arrival time by E(A) and call it (λ ); = 1/(E(A) the arrival frequency. Service Mechanism The service mechanism of a queuing system is specified by the number of servers (denoted by s), each server having its own queue or a common queue and the probability distribution of customers service time. let S be the service time of the ith customer, we i shall denote the mean service time of a customer by E(S) and µ = 1/(E(S) the service rate of a server. Queue Discipline Discipline of a queuing system means the rule that a server uses to choose the next customer from the queue (if any) when the s