Stress-Life Diagram (S-N Diagram) - University …（协同图(s(n图)u2014u2014大学u2026）.pdfVIP

Stress-Life Diagram (S- N Diagram) The basis of the Stress-Life method is the Wohler S-N diagram, shown schematically for two materials in Figure 1. The S-N diagram plots nominal stress amplitude S versus cycles to failure N. There are numerous testing procedures to generate the required data for a proper S-N diagram. S-N test data are usually displayed on a log-log plot, with the actual S-N line representing the mean of the data from several tests. Figure 1: Typical S- N Curves Endurance Limit Certain materials have a fatigue limit or endurance limit which represents a stress level below which the material does not fail and can be cycled infinitely. If the applied stress level is below the endurance limit of the material, the structure is said to have an infinite life. This is characteristic of steel and titanium in benign environmental conditions. A typical S-N curve corresponding to this type of material is shown Curve A in Figure 1. Many non-ferrous metals and alloys, such as aluminum, magnesium, and copper alloys, do not exhibit well-defined endurance limits. These materials instead display a continuously decreasing S-N response, similar to Cuve B in Figure 1. In such cases a fatigue strength S for f a given number of cycles must be specified. An effective endurance limit for these materials is 8 8 sometimes defined as the stress that causes failure at 1x10 or 5x10 loading cycles. The concept of an endurance limit is used in infinite-life or safe stress designs. It is due to interstitial elements (such as carbon or nitrogen in iron) that pin dislocations, thus preventing the slip mechanism that leads to the formation of microcracks.