Successful Failure Analysis Strategies Heinz Bloch（成功的失效分析策略亨氏布洛赫）.pdf

RELIABILITY ADVANTAGE T RAINING BULLETIN Successful Failure Analysis Strategies Heinz Bloch, P.E. Reliability / Rotating Equipment Consultant here was a time when people did failure analysis by guessing at the cause and trying something different. The result: repeat failures; the same machine ending up in the shop time after time. Today, we can no longer afford to guess. A structured, repeatable approach is needed. A comprehensive approach to failure analysis starts out by defining the deviation, or stating the problem. Next, such an approach encourages, or even mandates, careful observation and definition of failure modes. It employs pre-existing or develped-as-you-go checklists and troubleshooting tables. From here, an integrated approach leads to the identification of failure agent(s), realizing that there are only four possibilities: • Force • Reactive Environment • Time • Temperature This means that components will only fail due to one, or perhaps a combination of several, of these four failure agents. Moreover, all machinery failures, without exception, can be put into one or more of these seven cause categories: When, at the end, we’ve arrived at the 1. Faulty Design component level (“gasket”), we use “FRETT” 2. Material Defects to find the cause: 3. Fabrication and/or Processing Errors 4. Assembly or Installation Defects Force: Too much – Why? How applied? Not 5. Off-Design or Unintended Service enough – Why? What was overlooked? Conditions Rea