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Superintelligence Nick Bostrom(超智尼克·博斯特罗姆)
Superintelligence
Answer to the 2009 EDGE QUESTION: “WHAT WILL CHANGE EVERYTHING?”
Nick Bostrom
Intelligence is a big deal. Humanity owes its dominant position on Earth not to any
special strength of our muscles, nor any unusual sharpness of our teeth, but to the
unique ingenuity of our brains. It is our brains that are responsible for the complex social
organization and the accumulation of technical, economic, and scientific advances that,
for better and worse, undergird modern civilization.
All our technological inventions, philosophical ideas, and scientific theories have gone
through the birth canal of the human intellect. Arguably, human brain power is the chief
rate‐limiting factor in the development of human civilization.
Unlike the speed of light or the mass of the electron, human brain power is not an
eternally fixed constant. Brains can be enhanced. And, in principle, machines can be
made to process information as efficiently as — or more efficiently than — biological
nervous systems.
There are multiple paths to greater intelligence. By ʺintelligenceʺ I here refer to the
panoply of cognitive capacities, including not just book‐smarts but also creativity, social
intuition, wisdom, etc.
Letʹs look first at how we might enhance our biological brains. There are of course the
traditional means: education and training, and development of better methodologies and
conceptual frameworks. Also, neurological development can be improved through better
infant nutrition, reduced pollution, adequate sleep and exercise, and prevention of
diseases that affect the brain. We can use biotech to enhance cognitive capacity, by
developing pharmaceuticals that improve memory, concentration, and mental energy; or
we could achieve these ends with genetic selection and genetic engineering. We can
invent external aids to boost our effective intelligence — notepads, spreadsheets,
visualization software.
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